| Dimensions | Service productivity | Manufacturing productivity | Level of similarity |
| Efficiency | Mainly defined by input and output. | Mainly defined by input and output. | High |
| Effectiveness | Service firms consider not only the organizational purpose, but also the perception of customers. | Mainly refers to whether the manufacturing process achieves the organizational purpose. | Low |
| Innovation capability | Services are seen as a process, so service improvement involves other purposes beyond the organizational purpose. It always improves the customers’ perceived value, quality, and reduces risk through a better service system. | To improve efficiency and effectiveness in terms of organizational purpose. | Low |
| Growth of industrial productivity | For services, it refers to increasing value creation capability through not only efficiency and effectiveness, but also innovation (it involves creating a new business model). | In manufacturing, it always refers to increasing value creation capability through efficiency and effectiveness improvement. | Low |